Earth Wind
Earth Wind
Where does wind start and stop on Earth?
I have my own theory, but I want to know what other people think. Where do wind currents/breezes start and stop on the earth? Does one wind move across the earth in a wave? When was the first air current present on Earth? Is wind something science can't explain?
Wind is a pretty complex thing. It goes in different directions at different heights in the atmosphere, and and different speeds. Here are some examples :
http://weather.cod.edu/forecast/WRF/SP/wrfSP_250_rhum_0.gif
these are the winds at 250mb, or about the height of the jet stream at the top of the troposphere.
http://weather.cod.edu/forecast/WRF/SP/wrfSP_0_30mb_dewp_0.gif
compare that to these, the winds at the surface. You will see there is a low level circulation on this one that there wasn't on the last. Ignore the colors on both, they mean different things.
(the pictures on both of these model outputs will change with the weather).
So, with that in mind, we can get to your questions. Winds arise when there is a difference in pressures at some level. This results in a PRESSURE GRADIENT FORCE, or pgf. The pgf can comes about from differences in temperature, through something known as the thermal wind relationship. Basically, when air is warmer, it is less dense, so a given pressure will be higher up in the atmosphere. The pressure in the atmosphere changes rapidly in the vertical direction, so this difference in height leads to a strong pgf at that level, and thus winds from the higher pressure (warm air) to the lower (cold).
Winds follow a general pattern on earth, called the general circulation
see: http://www.earth.rochester.edu/fehnlab/ees215/fig15_1.jpg
the winds drawn on the surface are the 'normal' surface winds, and the winds drawn in the atmosphere are aloft.
Winds travel in a 'wave', if you think about winds as storm systems, anti-cyclones and cyclones, lows and highs, troughs and ridges. These 'waves' are bends in the jet stream, known as short, mid and longwaves, or Rossby waves. See the attached picture for an example: http://geography.sierra.cc.ca.us/booth/Physical/chp5_atm_pressure/rossby/Rossby3.jpg
So, to summarize, as long as there have been temperature differences on earth, there have been pressure differences, and as long as there have been pressure differences, there have been winds.
The causes of these differences move in huge waves that cause differences in weather.
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